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HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP Principles of Design Nature and Culturee :PHYSSIZE The buildings by Holl -- the early houses in particular -- are a serious attempt to unite the conditions of the natural environment with its cultural interpretation. Holl's manner of working is to find a third level of seeing a place -- where the apparent conflicts between nature and culture are dissolved in poetry. An example of this design attitude can be seen in the Berkowitz House at Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts.... steppe Dry/Steppe Environmental characteristics Temperature Variable, winters short Rainfall Rain < 50 cm or 20 inches/yr Vegetation Short grass, shrubs Soil Chestnut, brown soils, and Sierozems or mountain soils Indigenous house forms Adobe Sod Courtyard Plan Missions Courtyard Plan Missions Missions :PHYSSIZE Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture :PHYSSIZE (See Categories of Houses, Historic Styles))))) Eco-regions and Architecture :PHYSSIZE The Inuit and Eskimo peoples developed a rich variety of dwelling types to cope with the extreme arctic climate. The iglu, anegiuchak, killigun, and tupik are dwelling forms from which there is some-thing to learn. However, because they exist outside the traditions developed by European settlers, we have chosen not to include them. We do not mean to suggest these native forms are unworthy of emulation -- on the contrary, shelters developed in extreme conditions with an economy of means are efficient responses to the natural world. However, lessons contemporary home builders might glean are primarily poetic in nature. Paul Oliver's Dwellings: The House Across the World provides insight into Native American dwelling types. dwelling types...welling types.. dwelling types.ing types.. dwelling types.................. dwelling types......s. types....can dwelling types. types..erican dwelling types.. Indigenous house forms :PHYSSIZE Polar/Tundra Eco-regionra Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture 4g, showingandhiding, moving B"layering" "stackobjects" )6700, 2520 5200, 2000 "setlayer" "16" H200,0 "16" H0, -200 Zj <= 1800 "16" H-200, 0 H0, 200 "layerrest" H200,0 H0, -800 Zj <= 1800 H-200, 0 H0, 200 setback buttonup buttonup showingandhiding layering moving layering stackobjects stack stackobjects setlayer setlayer layerrest layerrest Y-setback buttonup layering j:to1 showingandhiding moving HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP 4g, showingandhiding, layering B"moving" 6000, y, 6723, y + 723 "startoff" "screenedge" default "startmove" H-100, 0 "nextmove" 5820, 1755 5655, 1741 5450, 1727 5250, 1714 5100, 1700 "moveout" H100, 0 "moverest" 5100, 1600 (i - 1) 6000, y "16" 6000, y setback buttonup buttonup layering moving showingandhiding moving startoff screenedge startoff startmove startmove nextmove nextmove moveout moveout moverest moverest screenedge Y-setback buttonup moving default showingandhiding layering HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP warmContinental :PHYSSIZE Environmental characteristics Temperature Coldest month below 0c or 32F Warmest month < 22c or 72F Rainfall Adequate throughout the year Vegetation Seasonal and mixed deciduous-coniferous forests Soil Gray-brown podzolic or leached soils digenous house forms odzolic or leached soils Indigenous house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Humid Temperate/Warm Continental o-region nnnnnn Timber Frame One Room Plan Braced Frame Center Chimney Log Construction Extended Farmhouse One Room Plan Shingle Style Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Indigenous house forms --- Click on each name to see a sample ----sample) Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture :PHYSSIZE (See Categories of Houses, Historic Styles))))) (See Categories of Houses, Historic Plan Types) HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP 4resrcPath "biblio" 8resrcpath buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcpath resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Indigenous house forms Polar Subarctic Eco-region :PHYSSIZE This forested region lies between the tundra homelands of the Inuit peoples and the northern edge of lands settled by European immigrants. Permanent settlements were established long after the era in which indigenous house forms evolved. No indigenous forms other than the log house and temporary native dwellings have emerged in this region....egion.ther than the log house and temporary native dwellings, no indigenous house forms have developed inthis region. Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP The Hot Continental region lies physically, ecologically and culturally between New England and the Deep South. It is in all ways transitional, and thus borrows and mixes forms from the more extreme conditions to the north and south. The casual mixing of construction methods -- timber framing favored in the north and masonry favored in the south -- is an indication that the relatively benign climate permits methods which might be contradictory in a more severe ecological situation.... ecomain Architectural form was historically bound to an ecological situation. We refer to the New England Salt Box or the Charleston Shotgun, but these terms are more stylistic than geographic in nature. The danger in reducing vernacular types to mere styles is that they become commodities for export to regions where they no longer respond well to local environmental conditions. It's a bit like having an anchor without a chain -- the anchor may represent certain aspects of culture, but it is no longer connected to environmental meaning. Of course, architecture is not such an exact machine that the forms developed in one region may not work relatively well in an adjacent region or in a distant region's micro-climate.ate... Principles of Design Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture :PHYSSIZE hdcmain HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP hdcmain "step1" "step2" "step3" "step4" "step5" leavePage leavePage step1 step2 step3 step4 step5 Principles of Design step1 Understand the environmental challenge of making a place in which you are at home. step2 Connect the house to its site and to your appreciation of the larger place where you will live. step3 Visualize the house as a machine interacting with its surroundings. step4 Choose building materials with an eye towards a healthy house and a healthy environment. step5 Consider how the parts of your house might be organized into a single form. buttonUp buttonUp 4mainPath "hdMap" buttonUp buttonUp hdMap mainPath :PHYSSIZE Indigenous house forms mber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Humid Tropical/Savanna Eco-region house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style le Style e year Vegetation Seasonal forests, mixed deciduous-coniferous forests Soil Gray-brown podzolic or leached soils Indigenous house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn There is a great deal of cultural diversity within the Caribbean islands, Central Mexico and the Yucatan, thus house forms tend to be hybrid types which combine the technologies of local Indians with the formal organizations of European house forms. Variations within the region are significant.t. the following being major categories: Sala plan Courtyard plan Plantation House plan Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP :PHYSSIZE Indigenous house forms mber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Humid Temperate/Prairie tal Eco-region house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style le Style e year Vegetation Seasonal forests, mixed deciduous-coniferous forests Soil Gray-brown podzolic or leached soils Indigenous house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style The sod houses and dugouts of the early 19th century -- invented in response to the severe shortage of wood -- were gradually replaced by houses constructed with the economical balloon frame. Although the balloon frame was invented in Chicago in 1839 as a response to regional conditions, a succession of national styles typical of the late 19th century used this form. In other words, local genius was put into the service of universal aspirations. It was not until the end of the 19th century that Frank Lloyd Wright first attempted to develop a self-conscious manner of building which inter-preted the ecological conditions of the prairie..tios of the prairie.itios of the prairie..........ological conditios of the prairie. Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP The Maya had already constructed and abandoned very sophisticated courtyard forms before the Spanish invaded Guatemala and Mexico. The social organization of the dwellings is not really known to us. The hybrid courtyard type which occupies the region today has its roots in both cultures. It is the detailing and roof forms which distinguish the courtyard dwellings of the rainforest from those of the desert. Courtyard plan Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn :PHYSSIZE Eco-regions and Architecture HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "map" buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio /1=az "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP 4isSoundPlaying tbkMCIchk("close waveFile","") leavePage leavePage close waveFile tbkMCIchk isSoundPlaying :PHYSSIZE Pliny Fisk III of the Center for Maximum Building Potential in Austin, Texas, employs vernacular tech-nologies from similar ecological regions around the world as a design strategy. The Carpenter house near Webberville, Texas, is a valuable demonstra-tion of this design methodology. In looking only at North America, we avoid the complexity of Fisk's methodology, called Biom-metric Design and Planning, but miss the rich cultural implications of his findings. Both Kenneth Frampton and Lewis Mumford have talked elo-quently about the need for local cultures to be informed by universal principles. Fisk's approach to design manages to connect local ecological conditions to global cultural inventiveness. Click on the Audio button to hear Lewis Mumford on the idea ing the local with the universal. Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture 4BookPath 4isSoundPlaying ZsoundPath waveaudio!" & =\142b. alias waveFile" tbkMCI("close tbkMCIchk( ,"",1,1) "play Z,"") tbkmmNotify status mode","") c"stop" buttonDown tbkmmNotify buttonDown open waveaudio! sound\142b.wav alias waveFile close waveFile tbkMCI tbkMCIchk play waveFile tbkMCIchk close waveFile tbkMCI soundPath isSoundPlaying BookPath tbkmmNotify status waveFile mode tbkMCI pause close waveFile tbkMCI isSoundPlaying :PHYSSIZE of informing the local with the universal. Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture 4BookPath 4isSoundPlaying ZsoundPath waveaudio!" & =\142b. alias waveFile" tbkMCI("close tbkMCIchk( ,"",1,1) "play Z,"") tbkmmNotify status mode","") c"stop" buttonDown tbkmmNotify buttonDown open waveaudio! sound\142b.wav alias waveFile close waveFile tbkMCI tbkMCIchk play waveFile tbkMCIchk close waveFile tbkMCI soundPath isSoundPlaying BookPath tbkmmNotify status waveFile mode tbkMCI pause close waveFile tbkMCI isSoundPlaying :PHYSSIZE HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP anchoringBuilding "step1" "step2" "step3" "step4" "step5" leavePage leavePage step1 step2 step3 step4 step5 step1 Understand the environmental challenge of making a place in which you are at home. step2 Connect the house to its site and to your appreciation of the larger place where you will live. step3 Visualize the house as a machine interacting with its surroundings. step4 Choose building materials with an eye towards a healthy house and a healthy environment. step5 Consider how the parts of your house might be organized into a single form. Anchoring the Building he Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn :PHYSSIZE makingPlaces "step1" "step2" "step3" "step4" "step5" leavePage leavePage step1 step2 step3 step4 step5 Making Placesss step1 Understand the environmental challenge of making a place in which you are at home. step2 Connect the house to its site and to your appreciation of the larger place where you will live. step3 Visualize the house as a machine interacting with its surroundings. step4 Choose building materials with an eye towards a healthy house and a healthy environment. step5 Consider how the parts of your house might be organized into a single form. natureCulture polar :PHYSSIZE Environmental characteristics Temperature Mean temp of warmest month < 10c or 50F Rainfall Water deficient during the cold season Vegetation Moss, grasses, and small shrubs Soil Tundra soils subject to permafrost Indigenous House Forms Native American ous house forms Native American typesssssssot studied))))))))))))))))))))))ypes (not studied) Polar/Tundra Eco-regionra Architecture and Eco-regions: Anchoring the Building Principles of Design :PHYSSIZE Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture natureCulture Nature and Culturee In his book Anchoring, architect Steven Holl said: Architecture is bound to situation. Unlike music, painting, sculpture, film, and literature, a construction...is intertwined with the expe- rience of a place. The site of a building is more than a mere ingredient in its conception. It is its physical and metaphysical foundation. Architecture does not so much intrude on a landscape as it serves to explain it. The buildings by Holl -- the early houses in particular -- are a serious attempt to unite the conditions of the natural environment with its cultural interpretation. Holl's manner of working is to find a third level of seeing a place -- where the apparent conflicts between nature and culture are dissolved in poetry. An example of this design attitude can be seen in the Berkowitz House at Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. :PHYSSIZE Courtesy Sally Smith :PHYSSIZE Anchoring the Building Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn footnote See Anchoring by Steven Holl, p. 9. See Bibliography, General Architecture......... "footnote" mouseEnter mouseLeave mouseEnter footnote mouseLeave footnote "footnote" enterPage leavePage enterPage footnote leavePage footnote HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath :4@b* 4mainpath "hdmap" 8mainPath buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath mainpath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP "main" .tbk" buttonUp buttonUp main.tbk "map" 8"main.tbk" buttonUp buttonUp main.tbk ;&QaS "biblio" 8"resrc.tbk" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrc.tbk Biblio buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp Biblio buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE :PHYSSIZE Indigenous house forms mber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Humid Temperate/Warm Continental region house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style le Style e year Vegetation Seasonal forests, mixed deciduous-coniferous forests Soil Gray-brown podzolic or leached soils Indigenous house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Along with New England, parts of British Columbia and the Maritimes fall in this region. The European settlement of British Columbia almost 200 years after the initial Massachusetts Bay Colony settlements offers a perfect opportunity to distin-guish architecture that can develop in identical environmental conditions, but which is subject to different cultural and technological conditions. Log Construction and variations of the One Room and Center Chimney plans were used in Western Canada. Pre-industrial wood framing techniques as well as the extended farmhouse and shingle styles are unique to the 18th and 19th century Eastern cultures which invented them, and did not emerge in Western Canada.simply becaue the physical enviornment was very similar......ar..ar..nment was very similar.. Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture Biblio buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE :PHYSSIZE Indigenous house forms mber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Humid Temperate/Subtropic tal Eco-region house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style le Style e year Vegetation Seasonal forests, mixed deciduous-coniferous forests Soil Gray-brown podzolic or leached soils Indigenous house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style The richness of indigenous house forms in this region is due to two factors. First, the region was settled by Europeans long before the homogenizing influence of national styles took hold; and, second, the ecological conditions of the region demanded a strong architectural response.......... Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture k on each name to see a sample ----sample) HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" 8resrcpath buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcpath resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio /1=az "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP subtropic Humid Temperate/Subtropic Environmental characteristics Temperature Coldest month between 18c -- -3c (65F -- 26F) Warmest month > 22c or 72F Rainfall Adequate throughout the year Vegetation Coniferous, mixed coniferous-deciduous forests Soil Red and yellow podzolic or leached soils Timber Frame Log Charleston Plan Braced Frame Shotgun Plan Plantation House Brick Saddleback Plan Stone Dogtrot Plan Dogtrot Plan :PHYSSIZE Indigenous house forms Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture :PHYSSIZE (See Categories of Houses, Historic Plan Types) (See Categories of Houses, Historic Styles))))) ecomain hotContinental humidtroplast :PHYSSIZE Indigenous house forms mber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Humid Temperate/Mediterranean Eco-region house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style le Style e year Vegetation Seasonal forests, mixed deciduous-coniferous forests Soil Gray-brown podzolic or leached soils Indigenous house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style The pervasive use of a limited number of types from Guatemala to New Mexico illustrates two facts: the homogenizing nature of the Spanish invasion and the relative flexibility of the types which developed over these five eco-regions. Scholars point to the courtyard house form and adobe technology as hybrids of Native American types. The impressive Mesoamerican architec-ture led the Spanish to adapt local forms rather than ignore them as did the English and French. The Arts and Crafts style of the late 19th century is British in origin, and international in scope. Although California developed a particularly strong local variety of this movement, it is not really a native phenomenon.t is not really a native phenomenon.ariety of this movement, it is not really a native phenomenon...omenon..........menon..n. Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture Indigenous house forms mber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Dry/Desert e/Mediterranean Eco-region house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style le Style e year Vegetation Seasonal forests, mixed deciduous-coniferous forests Soil Gray-brown podzolic or leached soils Indigenous house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Because the desert regions of the southwest lie entirely within the Spanish colonial sphere of influence, house forms there are historically variations of the basic types developed else-where by the Spanish. A study of sub-types would reveal what strategies local builders used to cope with desert conditions.ns.ns.onditions. Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn :PHYSSIZE rainforest Humid Tropical/Rainforest Environmental characteristics Temperature Coldest month > 18c (65F) Annual variation < 3c or 5F Rainfall Heavy rain, minimum 6 cm or 2.5 inches/month Vegetation Dense forest, heavy undergrowth Soil Latosols Indigenous house forms Courtyard Plann types (not studied)(not studied)sssourtyard Plan Missionsssd Plan Missions Courtyard Plan MissionsM :PHYSSIZE Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture :PHYSSIZE (See Categories of Houses, Historic Styles))))) makingPlaces marine :PHYSSIZE Indigenous house forms mber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Humid Temperate/Marine tal Eco-region house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style le Style e year Vegetation Seasonal forests, mixed deciduous-coniferous forests Soil Gray-brown podzolic or leached soils Indigenous house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style In contrast to the rich development of unique local forms which occurred in eastern regions of the country, European settlers in the Pacific Northwest did not invent any indigenous forms. By the mid- to late nineteenth century, Americans were preoccupied with the creation of national styles which may have become localized, but which did not fundamentally depart from styles made popular in the east. Some scholars argue that the log house, especially in the Populist era of President Andrew Jackson, was the first self-consciously national style. The fact that Abe Lincoln was born and raised in a log cabin was a powerful symbol of his American-ness..ican-ness..ss. Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture "footnote" leavePage leavePage footnote On this map, the North American continent is subdivided into 4 ecological domains and 12 divisions based on the work of Robert Bailey in 1976. Regional boundaries are approximate, with transitional zones between regions and micro-climates within regions (such as mountain ranges). In this section of Complete House, you'll find a brief description of each of these eco-regions. We've also included examples of house types that evolved before the homogenizing momentum of the modern period took hold. Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn 2 :PHYSSIZE Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture "footnote" mouseEnter mouseLeave mouseEnter footnote mouseLeave footnote :PHYSSIZE footnote See Description of the Ecoregions of the United States by Robert G. Bailey. See Bibliography, Green Design. :PHYSSIZE steppe desert anchoringBuilding g < 16 (g + 1) stack x, y x, y, x + 723, y + 100 setback 5200, 300, 5923, 1023 default showObjects x > 7575 LoopingStatement "loop" IdleHandlers "idlehandler" AboutShowingAndHiding "showingandhiding" AboutLayering "layering" AboutMoving "moving" ShowAndHideScript "hideandshowscript" LayerScript "layerScript" MoveScript "moveScript" Statement setback IdleHandlers AboutShowingAndHiding stack AboutLayering showObjects AboutMoving ShowAndHideScript LoopingStatement LayerScript MoveScript stack setback default showObjects objects objects Y-setback default LoopingStatement IdleHandlers idlehandler idlehandler AboutShowingAndHiding showingandhiding showingandhiding AboutLayering layering layering AboutMoving moving moving ShowAndHideScript hideandshowscript hideandshowscript LayerScript layerScript layerScript MoveScript moveScript moveScript "footnote" mouseEnter mouseLeave mouseEnter footnote mouseLeave footnote See Description of the Ecoregions of the United States by Robert G. Bailey. See Bibliography, Green Design. "footnote" leavePage leavePage footnote ecomain hotContinental warmContinental makingPlaces Stacks HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP The Maya had already constructed and abandoned very sophisticated courtyard forms before the Spanish invaded Guatemala and Mexico. The social organization of the dwellings is not really known to us. The hybrid courtyard type which occupies the region today has its roots in both cultures. It is the detailing and roof forms which distinguish the courtyard dwellings of the rainforest from those of the desert. Courtyard plan Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn :PHYSSIZE Eco-regions and Architecture 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath Stack Animation According to Melville's Moby Dick, the Indian Tribe that originally inhabited Martha's Vineyard created a unique dwelling type. Finding a whale skeleton on the beach, they would pull it up to dry land and stretch skins over it, transforming it into a house.................................... In drawing upon a mythical building type and this very peculiar story to generate the concept for this project, Holl anchored the idea of the house in both the natural and cultural history of the place. The powerful image Melville relates is further trans- formed by the position which the culture of Moby Dick and Melville himself hold in our collective memory. e can all see the whale skeleton in the sand --- we can therefore understand Holl's interpretation of it, even though the building itself may appear to be very unfamiliar.ar.liar.ry unfamiliar....elates is further transformed by the position which the culture of Moby Dick and Melville himself holds in our collective memory. We can all see the whale skeleton in the sand we can therefore understand Holl's interpretation of it, even though the building itself may appear to be very unfamiliar. Anchoring the Building Principles of Design "footnote" mouseEnter mouseLeave mouseEnter footnote mouseLeave footnote :PHYSSIZE Nature and Culturee footnote See Anchoring by Steven Holl, p. 9. See Bibliography, General Architecture......... :PHYSSIZE :PHYSSIZE prairie mediterranean desert :PHYSSIZE Dry/Desert Environmental characteristics Temperature High summer temperatures, mild winters Rainfall Very dry in all seasons Vegetation Shrubs or sparse grasses Soil Desert, Aridisols Indigenous house forms Adobe Courtyard Plan Missionsssssssbe Courtyard Plan Missionsdied)d)))ypes (not studied) Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building V . S Eco-regions and Architecture :PHYSSIZE (See Categories of Houses, Historic Styles))))) savanna Humid Tropical/Savanna Environmental characteristics Temperature Coldest momth > 18c (65F) Annual variation < 12c or 22 F Rainfall Dry season with < 6 cm or 2.5 inches/yr Vegetation Open grassland, scattered trees Soil Latosols IIndigenous house forms Adobe Sala Plan Courtyard Plan Plantation House Plan Missions Plantation House Plan Missions :PHYSSIZE Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture :PHYSSIZE (See Categories of Houses, Historic Styles))))) marine Humid Temperate/Marine Environmental characteristics Temperature Coldest month between 18c -- -3c (65F -- 26F) Warmest month < 22c or 72F Rainfall Maximum in winter Vegetation Coniferous forests Soil Brown forest and gray-brown podzolic or leached soils Indigenous house forms Log Constructionnnnnnnnnsee a sample --- Log Construction :PHYSSIZE Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture :PHYSSIZE (See Categories of Houses, Historic Plan Types) (See Categories of Houses, Historic Styles))))) prairie Humid Temperate/Prairie Environmental characteristics Temperature Variable Rainfall Adequate all year, except in dry years, maximum in summer Vegetation Tall grass, parklands Soil Prairie soils, black and rich in humus -- Indigenous house forms Sod Houses Balloon Frame Prairie Styleeeeeeeeeee Balloon Frame Prairie Style :PHYSSIZE Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture :PHYSSIZE (See Categories of Houses, Historic Plan Types) (See Categories of Houses, Historic Styles))))) :PHYSSIZE :PHYSSIZE the building itself may appear to be very unfamiliar. There are, Berkowitz House Anchoring the Building Nature and Culturee We can all see the whale skeleton in the sand --- we can therefore understand Holl's interpretation of it, even though the building itself may appear to be very unfamiliar. There are, of course, critics who would prefer that the building be anchored in hard science rather than metaphysics. Dis-cussions of sun angles and life cycle economies are reassuring because they are quantifiable. However, such rationaliza-tions can distract us from the poetic experience of living in a place. 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It is in all ways transitional, and thus borrows and mixes forms from the more extreme conditions to the north and south. The casual mixing of construction methods -- timber framing favored in the north and masonry favored in the south -- is an indication of the relatively benign climate permits methods which might be contradictory in a more severe ecological situation...... Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture makingPlaces "step1" "step2" "step3" "step4" "step5" leavePage leavePage step1 step2 step3 step4 step5 Making Placesss step1 Understand the environmental challenge of making a place in which you are at home. step2 Connect the house to its site and to your appreciation of the larger place where you will live. step3 Visualize the house as a machine interacting with its surroundings. step4 Choose building materials with an eye towards a healthy house and a healthy environment. step5 Consider how the parts of your house might be organized into a single form. 4hdbPath "proceedingtodesignlast" buttonUp buttonUp proceedingtodesignlast hdbPath buttonUp buttonUp subarctic Environmental characteristics Temperature Summer mean temp is 10c or 50F Winter mean temperature is -3c or 26F Rainfall Rain even throughout the year Vegetation Forest, parklands Soil Podzols or leached soils Indigenous House Forms construction ve American types (not studied)American types (not studied)t studied) (not studied) studied) :PHYSSIZE Polar/Subarctic Eco-region (See Categories of Houses, Historic Styles))))) , rent tbkBitmap window image position 250,90 tbkBitmap window image text tbkBitmap window image state show tbkBitmap BookPath Log Construction Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture :PHYSSIZE HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP tbkMCI isSoundPlaying hdcmain savanna subtropic rainforest anchoringBuilding FX:OX3jT:NT0?X I<%A?0A8A39"3D)1X :4"*(. dk:KXEA:18:@ ALXiB6HRj Ikb6TodN_6>bI)bD4O ?9/DB/68-6:1.5828)*&,&!& wAcG63H/?)7Cgdnw diHPiFEToR 9xC_GHlHAIL9>8D<L,3:;4:,42822 D.7$1 T.>6*:<BnTT ?Dkl>po wXLX[k\W xlkg@$ >\?o_gJTHF<H?9EL<43=91?)?;+59(F7 1- ddnd!N<K dxXkHgCuX Fo;uPT0THNk lXTCI@HG@F6.L3=?,K1C%6261 Xdd.HA'T~ wvAgjg@ Zl:}d@s4B<<5X9:%/?/98!DK H%9+C 93**..)!)- Xdd3THum lXJXo}4RL:[L;>L9%EDC919;K :273;&:./1223023"& dFdXRJ iHddgc~R O?zGdF=Hc9IFDC><49L*G :&:4:2D33*616 HFTNoLl FtL\[ 5kCu? 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The lack of a homogenous cultural influence also complicates matters. Extreme northern portions of the region weren't settled until the late 19th century, while Europeans occupied southern areas in the 17th century. Architectural development doesn't always fit neatly with ecological definition --- a refined version of Bailey's classification system would be required to adequately interpret the impact of the physical environment upon the architecture of this region................................................ure of the region.gion..ronment upon the architecture of the region. Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture hdcmain "step1" "step2" "step3" "step4" "step5" leavePage leavePage step1 step2 step3 step4 step5 Principles of Design step1 Understand the environmental challenge of making a place in which you are at home. step2 Connect the house to its site and to your appreciation of the larger place where you will live. step3 Visualize the house as a machine interacting with its surroundings. step4 Choose building materials with an eye towards a healthy house and a healthy environment. step5 Consider how the parts of your house might be organized into a single form. buttonUp buttonUp 4hdbPath "proceedingtodesignlast" buttonUp buttonUp proceedingtodesignlast hdbPath buttonUp Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn *u*uu*u HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcpath "biblio" 8resrcPath buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath resrcpath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP HOUSE DESIGN :PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP *u*uu*u 4isSoundPlaying tbkMCIchk("close waveFile","") leavePage leavePage close waveFile tbkMCIchk isSoundPlaying Pliny Fisk III of the Center for Maximum Building Potential in Austin, Texas, employs vernacular tech-nologies from similar ecological regions around the world as a design strategy. The Carpenter house near Webberville, Texas, is a valuable demonstra-tion of this design methodology. In looking only at North America, we avoid the complexity of Fisk's methodology, called Biom-metric Design and Planning, but miss the rich cultural implications of his findings. Both Kenneth Frampton and Lewis Mumford have talked elo-quently about the need for local cultures to be informed by universal principles. Fisk's approach to design manages to connect local ecological conditions to global cultural inventiveness. Click on the Audio button to hear Lewis Mumford on the idea ing the local with the universal. s Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn Anchoring the Building Eco-regions and Architecture 4BookPath 4isSoundPlaying ZsoundPath waveaudio!" & =\142b. alias waveFile" tbkMCI("close tbkMCIchk( ,"",1,1) "play Z,"") tbkmmNotify status mode","") c"stop" buttonDown tbkmmNotify buttonDown open waveaudio! sound\142b.wav alias waveFile close waveFile tbkMCI tbkMCIchk play waveFile tbkMCIchk close waveFile tbkMCI soundPath isSoundPlaying BookPath tbkmmNotify status waveFile mode tbkMCI pause close waveFile tbkMCI isSoundPlaying :PHYSSIZE 1992 Center for Maximum Building Potential :PHYSSIZE informed by universal principles. Fisk's approach to design manages to connect local ecological conditions to global cultural inventiveness. Click on the Audio button to hear Lewis Mumford on the idea of informing the local with the universal. polar HumidTropLast Indigenous house forms mber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style Humid Tropical/Rainforest Eco-region house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style le Style e year Vegetation Seasonal forests, mixed deciduous-coniferous forests Soil Gray-brown podzolic or leached soils Indigenous house forms Timber Frame Braced Frame Log Construction One Room Plan Center Chimney Plan Extended Farmhouse plan Shingle Style :PHYSSIZE The Maya had already constructed and abandoned very sophisticated courtyard forms before the Spanish invaded Guatemala and Mexico. The social organization of the dwellings is not really known to us. The hybrid courtyard type which occupies the region today has its roots in both cultures. It is the detailing and roof forms which distinguish the courtyard dwellings of the rainforest from those of the desert. Courtyard plan Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn :PHYSSIZE Eco-regions and Architecture 4hdePath "prospect" buttonUp buttonUp prospect hdePath :PHYSSIZE natureCulture Nature and Culturee In his book Anchoring, architect Steven Holl said: Architecture is bound to situation. Unlike music, painting, sculpture, film, and literature, a construction...is intertwined with the expe- rience of a place. The site of a building is more than a mere ingredient in its conception. It is its physical and metaphysical foundation. Architecture does not so much intrude on a landscape as it serves to explain it. The buildings by Holl -- the early houses in particular -- are a serious attempt to unite the conditions of the natural environment with its cultural interpretation. Holl's manner of working is to find a third level of seeing a place -- where the apparent conflicts between nature and culture are dissolved in poetry. An example of this design attitude can be seen in the Berkowitz House at Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. :PHYSSIZE Courtesy Sally Smith :PHYSSIZE Anchoring the Building Principles of Designring the Buildingnnnnnnnnnnn footnote See Anchoring by Steven Holl, p. 9. See Bibliography, General Architecture......... "footnote" mouseEnter mouseLeave mouseEnter footnote mouseLeave footnote !!]!! ]`!]]`]^]] !]``!&!`!a a^a]a]]^^] ]`]!!]!]`! `]]!`` !' hiahahha^ haa``!]] caacaa^]^` a`!!a`` !!^]a] ]a]a^!! !c! 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Concepts intro-duced in Anchoring the Building, Watson's Five Metaphors, and Material Principles support that idea. Architecture is only one tool to help us achieve ecologically sustainable places. But swinging the pendulum completely to the biological realm and away from the aesthetic and cultural realms is al-most as destructive as ignoring nature altogether. For this reason, we have included a brief review of principles of form in floor plan organization, or Formal Principles. None of these principles are fixed truths, but are ideas which can redirect our ability "to make places for ourselves." lves. re ideas which can redirect our ability to make sustainable places for ourselves. lm and away from the aesthetic and cultural realms would be almost as destructive as ignoring nature altogether. For this reason we have included a brief review of the formal principles of floor plan organization as a way to reinforce the purely aesthetic concerns of architectural composition. 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YZ$*[ wqIYowooL prsuToupol YwwLx}rw ror~q>rl /J/V/ wkkloMl mp~RMupmp JMkroo o&Mtp wrkppuot ToULsupwt kvmtr 5.3.3 #J*$)s uwpLLw} plpvlsw puw~tt TvItk wovw} 4)3'# ptptt &//&/ ! ^W*W35 trouoo ~wkktp osH&qnw} _XVXKD ~p~krs ~TpMJo $*3252 ~oTTMtU~ TtuLt 232323 uo_pMJp _p~TMIPGku -+2+2'322+ us~UoTMM uM&MsU_MM) G$FKD~gg )')')2)-) )2)'32 2))+,))++* ~`U~>A`_KQ UuwttJ$Zpt W$Dwo oJWWYM$$R '+')+'))+) ++*+, ))*)33\Z_ ``bS``SER "DD$JRDLto MtpuM_ uZWWDWJT~w ''('')#'( *,3VV[ )*)*#*V_uU ``~`~ Ab`OSNEDRE WDRRKTPutt mtM_uuT_ ~uKu~ MtTtJJM~ #)!''!)# '#)3VX[XW* V$$(")!*W_ ``~A`~`b `~`~~ U`OTN VDVVDDVKDR DSE_E__S~ GJ~tvlYsTZ }tss}s '#'!)'' )#!!$ DXV__DV*$# DXU`U QU``S`OSO< VDEXR_RSR bSb``S`` kyqttp $VD_RRD"D S`OSE>E DDCDD KDRENS_RU` _SO`U`AS` `_U`` ~``~` utwvv }}sYY VDED_ERRS` ESbb`b~ ba`aa``aB tYYzs VVEDREK_E_ v}x}s{ww E_OSSbUb`S }{{zz}zv *VVDERb` bba``a ``~``? }zsrs}}vtw EVVX_\VWXX V_VXDE_EUS ``b`UDREXD XVVWXub EESS_Sbu !!#** '')'2'25 makingPlaces "footnote" g < 16 (g + 1) terPage enterPage leavePage enterPage footnote leavePage footnote &%p+>268 ThY~] dNe`grh N M E *#M F If we rethink the concept of home as broad enough to include the planet as a whole, then to be at home in the world means to live lives that are in sympathy with the well-being of the planet. Concepts introduced in Anchoring the Building, Watson's Five Metaphors, and Material Principles support that idea. Architecture is only one tool to help us achieve ecologically sustainable places. But swinging the pendulum completely to the biological realm and away from the aesthetic and cultural realms is almost as destructive as ignoring nature altogether. For this reason, we have included a brief review of principles of form in floor plan organization, or Formal Principles. None of these principles are fixed truths, but are ideas which can redirect our ability "to make places for ourselves." lves. re ideas which can redirect our ability to make sustainable places for ourselves. lm and away from the aesthetic and cultural realms would be almost as destructive as ignoring nature altogether. For this reason we have included a brief review of the formal principles of floor plan organization as a way to reinforce the purely aesthetic concerns of architectural composition. None of these principles are fixed truths, but are ideas which can redirect our ability to make sustainable places for ourselves. Making Places "Home" De:PHYSSIZE "footnote" mouseEnter mouseLeave mouseEnter footnote mouseLeave footnote f:PHYSSIZE footnote See Postmodern Sophistications: Philosophy, Architecture and Tradition by David Kolb. See Bibliography, General Architecture.......... Principles of Designgggggggggggggggggggggggg 4hdbPath "proceedingtodesignlast" buttonUp buttonUp proceedingtodesignlast hdbPath If we rethink the concept of home as broad enough to include the planet as a whole, then to be at home in the world means to live lives that are in sympathy with the well-being of the planet. Concepts introduced in Anchoring the Building, Watson's Five Metaphors, and Material Principles support that idea. Architecture is only one tool to help us achieve ecologically sustainable places. But swinging the pendulum completely to the biological realm and away from the aesthetic and cultural realms is almost as destructive as ignoring nature altogether. For this reason, we have included a brief review of principles of form in floor plan organization, or Formal Principles. None of these principles are fixed truths, but are ideas which can redirect our ability "to make places for ourselves." lves. re ideas which can redirect our ability to make sustainable places for ourselves. lm and away from the aesthetic and cultural realms would be almost as destructive as ignoring nature altogether. For this reason we have included a brief review of the formal principles of floor plan organization as a way to reinforce the purely aesthetic concerns of architectural composition. None of these principles are fixed truths, but are ideas which can redirect our ability to make sustainable places for ourselves. Making Places Principles of Designgggggggggggggggggggggggg "Home" e:PHYSSIZE "footnote" mouseEnter mouseLeave mouseEnter footnote mouseLeave footnote @g:PHYSSIZE footnote See Postmodern Sophistications: Philosophy, Architecture and Tradition by David Kolb. See Bibliography, General Architecture.......... Principles of Designgggggggggggggggggggggggg T,YB]Dc Stack Animation (J)"* ,0-z. screenedge On pageen Off pageen ShowAndHideDemo 4g, layering, moving B"showingandhiding" "stackobjects" )6180, 1830 5200, 1600 "hidestack" "showimage" "hideimage" "dotherest" (i + 1) setback buttonup buttonup layering showingandhiding moving showingandhiding stackobjects stack stackobjects hidestack hidestack showimage showimage hideimage hideimage dotherest dotherest Y-setback buttonup showingandhiding layering moving ShowAndHideDemo Layer Layer Moving Moving layering buttondoubleclick buttondoubleclick pShowHide About setting the layer order: To animate by setting the layer number of objects in a stack, first position the objects on the page. Use numbers to name the objects, making sure the numbers match the order that the images will appear. The script loops through each object in succession, setting its layer number to the top. Using a layer number like 999 to set the layer usually works fine in a script. At the end of the sequence, check for the last object, then start again with the first object. (Double-click this field to dismiss it.) hideandshowscript pShowHide Script to show and hide groups: to handle IDLE if vGroupnum < 16 show group (vGroupnum + 1) hide group vGroupnum increment vGroupnum else set vGroupnum to 1 show group "1" hide group "16" (Double-click this field to dismiss it.) layerscript buttondoubleclick buttondoubleclick pShowHide Script to set the layer order of groups: to handle idle if g < 16 set layer of group g to 999 increment g else set g to 1 set layer of group g to 999 (Double-click this field to dismiss it.)end set g to 1 end movescript buttondoubleclick buttondoubleclick pShowHide Script to move groups on and off the page: to handle idle if g < 16 move group (g + 1) to 5200, 300 move group g to -1000, -1000 increment g else move group "1" to 5200, 300 move group g to -1000, -1000 set g to 1 (Double-click this field to dismiss it.))nd fonsize pShowHide A typical loop for showing objects: step i from 1 to 16 show group i (Double-click this field to dismiss it.)oup i end set g to 1 show group "1" hide group "16" end n layering is true if g < 16 set layer of group g to 999 increment g else set g to 1 set layer of group g to 999 end when moving is true if g < 16 move group (g + 1) to 5200, 300 move group g to -1000, -1000 increment g else move group "1" to 5200, 300 move group g to -1000, -1000 set g to 1 end end conditions to handle idle system g, showingandhiding, layering, moving conditions when showingandhiding is true if g < 16 show group (g + 1) hide group g increment g else set g to 1 show group "1" hide group "16" end when layering is true if g < 16 set layer of group g to 999 increment g else set g to 1 set layer of group g to 999 end when moving is true if g < 16 move group (g + 1) to 5200, 300 move group g to -1000, -1000 increment g else move group "1" to 5200, 300 move group g to -1000, -1000 set g to 1 end end conditions set g to 1 end end conditions end end conditions idlehandler pShowHide An IDLE handler for hiding and showing: to handle IDLE system earth --stores the name of the --rotation in this variable if earth < 16 -- increments the rotations show group (earth + 1) hide group earth increment earth else -- starts all over again set earth to 1 show group "1" hide group "16" (Double-click this field to dismiss it.))nd when moving is true if g < 16 move group (g + 1) to 5200, 300 move group g to -1000, -1000 increment g else move group "1" to 5200, 300 move group g to -1000, -1000 set g to 1 end end conditions to handle idle system g, showingandhiding, layering, moving conditions when showingandhiding is true if g < 16 show group (g + 1) hide group g increment g else set g to 1 show group "1" hide group "16" end when layering is true if g < 16 set layer of group g to 999 increment g else set g to 1 set layer of group g to 999 end when moving is true if g < 16 move group (g + 1) to 5200, 300 move group g to -1000, -1000 increment g else move group "1" to 5200, 300 move group g to -1000, -1000 set g to 1 end end conditions set g to 1 end end conditions end end conditions showingandhiding pShowHide About showing and hiding objects: To animate objects in a stack by hiding and showing them, position the objects on the page first, then layer them in the same order that they'll be shown. Use object names that match the order that they'll appear. Hide all the objects except the one on the top layer. The animation script loops through each object, layer by layer, showing each one, and then hiding the object on the layer above it. At the end of the sequence, check for the last object, then start over with the first object. (Double-click this field to dismiss it.) and then start over at the first. Moving buttondoubleclick buttondoubleclick $pShowHide About moving objects on and off the page: To use this method to animate objects, first position all the objects off the page except the starting object. You can move them to a location with negative coordinate values such as -1000, -1000 or to coordinates larger than the page size. The layer order of the objects should also match the order that they'll appear. The script should move each object in succession to the desired page location, then move the previous object back off page. To continue at the end of the sequence, check for the last object and start over. (Double-click this field to dismiss it.) HOUSE DESIGN (:PHYSSIZE 4mainPath buttonUp buttonUp mainPath 4mainPath "hdmap" buttonUp buttonUp hdmap mainPath 4resrcPath "biblio" 8resrcpath buttonUp buttonUp biblio resrcpath resrcPath Biblio "cadfp.exe" buttonUp buttonUp cadfp.exe buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp buttonUp BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP BUTTONUP xz}zn |ry{~ srvz~~zt{|} }zy{w zwy|}{| z{{}~ ||y~| ~}{{u| }{}{{~ {{~~~ }}{~} z|z{~ }|{~} }{y{y~ |{xx| ~}|}~ {yyy||zyyyywwz ~|z{~~ ~~}zzxx{{| ~zyy{~ |zyy| ~|}}}~ ~|||~ ~}|{{||~ }{{{|}}}~ ~~~}}}}}~ ~|z{|} ~|||~~ ~}|}~ ~}}}}}~~~}||{{}}~}~ }|}~~ |{zz{} }{||~ ~|{{||~ ~}~~} ~~~~~~ ~~~~~ ~FEDF Tms Rmn System butt0$ PRODUCT =C:\JOHN\INTSOFT\ORDERS\BRUCIE\ PRGROUP C:\WINDOWS\SB4ALPHA\STOPRGROUP =C:\JOHN\INTSOFT\ORDERS\BRUCIE\ PRGROUP SUPPLIER C:\JOHN\INTSOFT\ORDERS\BRUCIE\ escription PRGROUP Product_Group PRODUCT ProdGroup_Code PRGROUP Supplier_Code SUPPLIER Supplier_Code PRODUCT FEDP$